Journal: Mediators of Inflammation

Article Title: Elevation of IL-6 and IL-33 Levels in Serum Associated with Lung Fibrosis and Skeletal Muscle Wasting in a Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Mouse Model

doi: 10.1155/2019/7947596

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-6 and IL-33 may synergistically cause muscle atrophy. (a) The quadriceps muscle of the mice was homogenized, and the lysate was analyzed by Western blotting with specific antibodies against STAT3, AMPK, and Atrogin-1. (b) C2C12 cells, mouse adherent myoblasts, were incubated with 2% horse serum for 72 hours and stimulated with recombinant mouse IL-6 and IL-33 in serum-free medium as indicated for 24 hours. The remaining cells were harvested, and the levels of p-STAT3, STAT3, p-AMPK α , and AMPK α in the cell lysate were analyzed by Western blotting. α -Tubulin and GAPDH were used as internal controls. The intensity of bands in the Western blots was measured by ImageJ software. The quantitative data were expressed as the means ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05 compared with control.

Article Snippet: C2C12 mouse adherent myoblasts were obtained from BCRC (Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: Western Blot, Incubation, Recombinant, Software, Control

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Expression and subcellular localization of TRPC1 in C2C12 myoblasts. (A) Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel mRNA isoforms in C2C12 myoblasts. Lanes show amplified products of RT-PCR reactions. Total RNA (1 μg) obtained from C2C12 myoblasts was retro-transcripted and cDNA amplified as described in Materials and Methods. The PCR products were visualized on an ethidium-bromide- stained agarose gel. Data are representative of three independent experiments. β-actin amplification, used as an internal control, is shown. (B) TRPC1 expression in subcellular fractions of C2C12 myoblasts. Aliquots of proteins (25 μg) from cell lysates (Lys), cytosol (cyt), Triton-soluble (Ms) or Triton-insoluble (Mi) membrane were processed for western blotting analysis. A blot representative of three is shown. (C) Effect of TRPC1 silencing on channel expression. C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with SCR-siRNA (–) and TRPC1- siRNA (+) as described in Materials and Methods. Aliquots of proteins (30 μg) from cell lysate were subjected to western blotting analysis. A blot representative of three independent experiments with similar results is shown. Band intensity is reported as relative percentage with s.e.m. less than 15%. (D) Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of TRPC1 cell localization. C2C12 cells were grown on glass coverslips, fixed and stained with the primary antibody against TRPC1 (green). The cells were counterstained with TRITC-phalloidin (red) to reveal actin filaments. In the inset, a superimposed fluorescence and DIC image shows co-localization of TRPC1 with TRITC-conjugated WGA at the cell surface. Note that the immunostaining is markedly reduced in TRPC1-silenced cells compared with native and SCR-siRNA treated ones. The images are representative of at least three independent experiments with similar results.

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: Expressing, Amplification, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Control, Membrane, Western Blot, Transfection, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Immunostaining

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Effect of TRPC1 silencing on stretch-activated Ca2+-transients and SAC currents in C2C12 myoblasts. (A) C2C12 myoblasts were pre-loaded with Fluo3-AM and mechanically stretched with the tip of an AFM probe (thick grey line). Fluorescence images were acquired soon after mechanical stimulation at a rate of 1 image/second using a digital camera. The pseudo- colouring represents the global Ca2+ increase as indicated by the colour bar. Note the marked reduction and the absence of the Ca2+ transient in TRPC1 silenced cells. The images are representative of at least five to six independent experiments with similar results (number of stretched cells for each group=5). (B) Two patch pipettes were attached to the cells at (a) resting length and (b) after 20% cell stretching induced by the movement of the upper pipette in the longitudinal direction. (C) Representative total current traces, (a) Im* recorded in bath solution by whole cell path-clamp; (b) leak current, Im,leak, recorded in the presence of GdCl3 added in the bath solution and (c-j) SAC-mediated current; Im, evaluated by detracting Im,leak from Im*; (c-f) SAC-mediated currents (Im) in SCR- and TRPC1-siRNA cells unstimulated and (g-j) S1P- stimulated evaluated before (c,e,g,i) and after (d,f,h,j) the application of the mechanical stretch; (k,l), currents normalized for Cm elicited by ramp voltage pulses from the same cell reported in panels a-j. siTRPC1, TRPC1-siRNA transfected cells; str, stretched cells.

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Transferring, Transfection

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Localization of TRPC1 in lipid microdomains of C2C12 myoblasts: effects of cholesterol depletion. (A) Localization of endogenous TRPC1 in lipid microdomains. Lipid-raft (DRM) and high-density (HDM) fractions were prepared as reported in Materials and Methods. An aliquot of each fraction (20 μl, 1/25 of total volume of 1-11 fractions) was resolved by SDS-PAGE and anti-caveolin 1 (Cav1), anti-TRPC1 and anti-calnexin immunodetected. A blot representative of three independent experiments with similar results is reported. (B) Sphingolipid content measurements. Sucrose density gradient fractions were prepared from [3H]sphingosine-labelled cells as described in Materials and Methods. Total radioactivity of unfractionated [3H]sphingolipids was determined in each fraction and reported as mean ± s.e.m. of a representative experiment performed in duplicate with similar results. (C) Co-immunoprecipitation of TRPC1 and Cav1. Pooled DRM fractions (F3-F4) obtained from C2C12 cell fractionation were subjected to immunoprecipitation with rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed against TRPC1 as described in Materials and Methods and Cav1 immunodetected. A blot, representative of two independent experiments, is reported. (D) Confocal immunofluorescent localization of endogenous TRPC1 in lipid rafts (triple labelling). (a,b) Native C2C12 myoblasts and (d,e) C2C12 cells treated with MβCD for 30 minutes were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated CT-B (green) to label lipid rafts, immunostained for TRPC1 (red) and (b,e) counterstained with Alexa Fluor 647-labelled phalloidin to reveal actin filaments. Inset: magnification of outlined area. Yellow spots in panels a and d indicate co-localization of red and green fluorescence signals. (c,f) Scatter plots of the distribution of red and green fluorescence intensity signals. Pixel intensity (PI) for each of the dyes along the lines (AB, CD) in the confocal image g are shown. The degree of co-localization of TRPC1 with CT-B is summarized in the histogram. The images are representative of at least three independent experiments with similar results. (E) Effect of lipid-raft disruption on TRPC1 expression. C2C12 myoblasts were pre-incubated for 30 minutes in media containing vehicle (–) and MβCD (+), collected and processed for lipid-raft (DRM) and high-density membrane fraction (showed fraction 11) purification as described in the Materials and Methods. An equal amount (20 μl) of fractions was evaluated for the presence of TRPC1 and Cav1 by western blotting analysis. A blot representative of three is shown. (F) Effect of MβCD treatment on Gm/Cm. C2C12 cells were incubated for 30 minutes with MβCD in the presence or in the absence of S1P. Transmembrane ion conductance and cell capacitance were analysed by whole cell patch clamp in K+-free bath solution. Data are mean ± s.e.m. of 12-15 different recordings (*P<0.05, **P<0.001).

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: SDS Page, Radioactivity, Immunoprecipitation, Cell Fractionation, Incubation, Fluorescence, Disruption, Expressing, Membrane, Purification, Western Blot, Patch Clamp

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Effects of stress fibre formation and cytoskeletal integrity on TRPC1-cortactin interaction, channel expression and localization. (A) Co-immunoprecipitation of TRPC1 with cortactin. C2C12 cells were incubated in the presence or absence (–) of 1 μM S1P or of 1 μg/ml DHCB, for 30 minutes and collected in lysis buffer and immunoprecipitation performed as reported in the Materials and Methods and Fig. 3C. A blot representative of three independent experiments of immunoprecipitation and TRPC1 immunoblot is shown (relative percentage is reported as mean ± s.e.m.). (B) Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of TRPC1 lipid microdomain localization (triple labelling). C2C12 myoblasts treated with (a,b) DHCB to inhibit actin polymerization or (d,e) S1P to induce stress fibre formation, were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated CT-B (green), processed for TRPC1 immunostaining (red) and (b,e) counterstained with Alexa Fluor 647-labelled phalloidin to reveal actin filaments. Yellow spots in panels a and d indicate co-localization of red and green fluorescence signals. (c,f) Scatter plots indicate the distribution of TRPC1 and lipid-raft fluorescence intensity signals. The images are representative of at least three independent experiments with similar results.

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunoprecipitation, Incubation, Lysis, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunostaining, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Effect of TRPC1 silencing on skeletal myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. (A) Western analysis of TRPC1 silencing on the expression of myogenic markers. Confluent C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with SCR-siRNA (–) or TRPC1-siRNA (+), stimulated with (+) or without (–) 1 μM S1P and differentiation started as described in the Materials and Methods. The content of TRPC1, myogenin and α-sarcomeric actin were analysed by western blotting. A blot representative of at least three independent experiments with similar results and the relative percentage is shown (mean ± s.e.m.). (B) Confocal immunofluorescence and phase-contrast analysis of differentiating myoblasts. SCR-siRNA and TRPC1-siRNA cells were cultured on glass coverslips in DM, fixed and stained with the primary antibody against myogenin (green), and counterstained with TRITC-phalloidin to detect actin filaments (red). Parallel experiments were performed to reveal myotube formation by phase contrast. Note that silenced cells reveal reduced nuclear myogenin staining and polyhedral morphology typical of the undifferentiated cells and are unable to form multinucleate myotubes compared to SCR-siRNA cells. The images are representative of at least three separate experiments with similar results.

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, Immunofluorescence, Cell Culture, Staining

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. TRPC1 expression during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. C2C12 cells were grown until 95% confluence and then cultured for the indicated times in DM. (A) Western blotting analysis of TRPC1 expression. Cell lysates (30 μg) were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods and processed for western blotting analysis. A blot representative of three independent experiments with analogous results is shown. (B) Confocal immunofluorescence analysis showing TRPC1 expression in differentiating myoblasts. Cells at the indicated time were fixed and immunostained for TRPC1 (green). Counterstaining was performed with TRITC-conjugated phalloidin to reveal actin filament organization (red). The images are representative of at least three separate experiments with similar results.

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Regulation of TRPC1 expression by known modulators of skeletal myogenesis. (A) Western blotting analysis of TRPC1 expression. C2C12 myoblasts were grown until confluence and cultured in DM in the presence (+) or absence (–) of TGFβ (1 ng/ml). Aliquots of proteins from cell extracts (25 μg) were subjected to western blotting. Proteins were immunodetected using specific anti-TRPC1, myogenin and α-sarcomeric actin antibodies. A blot representative of at least three independent experiments with analogous results and the relative percentage (s.e.m. less than 15%) are shown. (B) Confocal immunofluorescence analysis showing the effect of S1P and TGFβ on myogenin expression. Confluent C2C12 cells were cultured in DM in the presence of either 1 μM S1P or TGFβ, and stained with specific antibodies. Representative merged confocal fluorescence and DIC contrast images of C2C12 cells immunostained for myogenin (green) are shown. (C) Confocal immunofluorescence analysis showing the effect of S1P and TGFβ on TRPC1 expression. Cells processed as in B were stained with anti- TRPC1 antibodies (green). Counterstaining was performed with TRITC- phalloidin to detect actin filaments (red). The images are representative of at least three separate experiments with similar results.

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of cell science

Article Title: Regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1) by sphingosine 1-phosphate in C2C12 myoblasts and its relevance for a role of mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle differentiation.

doi: 10.1242/jcs.035402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8. Effects of TRPC1-siRNA and 2-APB on Gm/Cm in differentiating unstimulated and S1P-stimulated C2C12 myoblasts. C2C12 differentiating cells were transfected with scrambled-siRNA (SCR) and TRPC1-siRNA (siTRPC1) or treated with 2-APB in the presence or in the absence of S1P and incubated in DM for 24 hours. Significance of differences: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 with respect to relative controls; §§P<0.01 of TRPC1-siRNA (siTRPC1) with respect to SCR-siRNA (one-way ANOVA). Data are mean ± s.e.m. of 14-18 independent cell recordings.

Article Snippet: C2C12 cells grown on glass coverslips were fixed in 0.5% buffered paraformaldehyde (PFA) and immunodetected as previously described (Formigli et al., 2005) using rabbit polyclonal anti-TRPC1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and mouse monoclonal antimyogenin (Sigma).

Techniques: Transfection, Incubation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IRE1-XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required during Early Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010182

Figure Lengend Snippet: IRE1 is required in C2C12 differentiation. ( a ) IRE1-knockdown cell lines #1, #2, and mock cells were evaluated for the expression of IRE1/ Ern1 mRNA. Results are means + SEM (three biological replicates). ** p < 0.01. ( b ) Differentiation was induced in IRE1-knockdown cell lines and mock cells. After 48 h, cells were observed under phase contrast. Black arrows show the immature myotubes. Scale bar = 100 µm. ( c , d ) Cells were harvested after differentiation induction at 48 h. mRNA expression of myogenic factors ( c ) and UPR relative factors ( d ) was analyzed by qPCR. Results are means + SEM (three biological replicates). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: C2C12 mouse myoblasts were obtained from DS Pharma Biomedical (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Knockdown, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IRE1-XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required during Early Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010182

Figure Lengend Snippet: IRE1 ribonuclease activity is required in early phase of C2C12 differentiation. ( a ) Differentiation was induced in the presence or absence of IRE1 RNase inhibitor, STF-083010 (60 µM; black bars) or DMSO (gray bars) for various time intervals as indicated. ( b ) Identification of critical time period for inhibitory effect of IRE1 activity on C2C12 differentiation. Scale bar = 200 µm. ( c ) Fusion index of STF-083010- or DMSO-treated cells. Results are mean + SEM (three biological replicates). The different letters denote significant differences between groups at p < 0.05 by Tukey’s HSD test.

Article Snippet: C2C12 mouse myoblasts were obtained from DS Pharma Biomedical (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IRE1-XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required during Early Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010182

Figure Lengend Snippet: XBP1 is required for C2C12 differentiation. ( a ) mRNA expression of Xbp1 and spliced Xbp1 were compared between XBP1-knockdown cells (XBP1-KD) and mock cells. Results are means + SEM (three biological replicates). Student’s t -test. ** p < 0.01. ( b ) XBP1-knockdown cells and mock cells were induced to differentiate until day 5. Cells were observed for immunofluorescent staining with anti-MHC antibody. Scale bar = 200 µm. ( c ) Fusion index of mock or XBP1-KD cells. Results are mean + SEM (three biological replicates). Student’s t -test. ** p < 0.01. ( d ) Cells were harvested on the indicated day. mRNA expression of each myogenic factor was analyzed by qPCR. Results are means + SEM (three biological replicates). Student’s t -test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: C2C12 mouse myoblasts were obtained from DS Pharma Biomedical (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: IRE1-XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required during Early Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010182

Figure Lengend Snippet: CDK5 is a downstream target of IRE1-XBP1 in C2C12 cells. ( a ) mRNA expression of Xbp1 and Cdk5 during C2C12 differentiation. Results are means + SEM (three biological replicates). Student’s t -test. ** p < 0.01. ( b ) An illustration of the predicted mouse Cdk5 promoter region. The region upstream of the Cdk5 gene comprises three XBP1-binding domains including CCAAT at −544 bp, TGCCACGTGG at −597 bp, and CCACGT at −1112 bp from the transcription start site. ( c , d ) Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay using a C2C12 genomic sample. Input DNA = positive control. Rabbit IgG was used as negative control ChIP ( c ). ChIP assay was performed by quantitative PCR analysis ( d ). Results are means + SEM (three biological replicates). Student’s t -test. * p < 0.05. ( e ) XBP1-knockdown and mock cells were transfected with the vector containing the Cdk5 promoter construct ( p 1400) or an empty vector. Cdk5 promoter activity was assessed by luciferase assay. Results are means + SEM (three biological replicates). Student’s t -test. ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: C2C12 mouse myoblasts were obtained from DS Pharma Biomedical (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Positive Control, Negative Control, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Knockdown, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Construct, Activity Assay, Luciferase

Journal: International Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Interaction of Wnt Signaling with BMP/Smad Signaling during the Transition from Cell Proliferation to Myogenic Differentiation in Mouse Myoblast-Derived Cells

doi: 10.1155/2013/616294

Figure Lengend Snippet: Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in parental C2C12 cells and C2C12-derived cells permanently expressing Wnt4. Parental C2C12 cells (a, b, e, and f) and W4-08 cells (c, d, g, and h) were cultured for 2 days in proliferation medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (a–d), or in differentiation medium containing 2% horse serum (e–h), and then immunohistochemically stained with anti-MyHC antibodies, followed by counterstaining with DAPI. Spontaneous expression of slow-type MyHC was evident in W4-08 cells in proliferation medium and intensified in differentiation medium, although the proliferation rates were greatly reduced compared to those of the parental C2C12 cells, as observed in the reduced number of nuclei (blue).

Article Snippet: The C2C12 cell line (myoblast-like cell line from the C3H mouse) was purchased from the RIKEN Cell Bank (RIKEN, Wako, Japan) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Nichirei Corp., Tokyo).

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Interaction of Wnt Signaling with BMP/Smad Signaling during the Transition from Cell Proliferation to Myogenic Differentiation in Mouse Myoblast-Derived Cells

doi: 10.1155/2013/616294

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of expression array analysis for C2C12 differentiation and Wnt4 expression. Red and green colors show upregulated and downregulated expression, respectively, with differentiation medium and Wnt4 overexpression. 1477 and 1836 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in differentiation medium and Wnt4 overexpression at a twofold magnitude. Refer to original data in supplementary 1 for details.

Article Snippet: The C2C12 cell line (myoblast-like cell line from the C3H mouse) was purchased from the RIKEN Cell Bank (RIKEN, Wako, Japan) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Nichirei Corp., Tokyo).

Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression

Journal: International Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Interaction of Wnt Signaling with BMP/Smad Signaling during the Transition from Cell Proliferation to Myogenic Differentiation in Mouse Myoblast-Derived Cells

doi: 10.1155/2013/616294

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of BMP4 and noggin on the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. (a–d) The recombinant proteins were added to the proliferation medium at final concentrations of 5 ng/mL BMP4 and/or 50 ng/mL noggin and cultured in proliferation medium for 3 days, followed by immunostaining with anti-troponin T antibodies (red) and anti-phosphohistone H3 (Ser10) antibodies (green). BMP4 addition inhibited myogenic differentiation in proliferation medium. The number of cells expressing phosphorylated histone H3 was increased by adding noggin but not BMP4. (a) Control; (b) noggin; (c) BMP4; (d) noggin + BMP4. (e–g) The ratios of phosphohistone H3 (e) and troponin T-positive cells (f) to the total cell number were estimated. The number of multinuclear cells expressing troponin T (g) was also estimated to determine the ratio of fused cells among the total cells. Mean + SD ( n = 3), * P < 0.05 versus control with Student's t -test.

Article Snippet: The C2C12 cell line (myoblast-like cell line from the C3H mouse) was purchased from the RIKEN Cell Bank (RIKEN, Wako, Japan) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Nichirei Corp., Tokyo).

Techniques: Recombinant, Cell Culture, Immunostaining, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Interaction of Wnt Signaling with BMP/Smad Signaling during the Transition from Cell Proliferation to Myogenic Differentiation in Mouse Myoblast-Derived Cells

doi: 10.1155/2013/616294

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of BMP4 and noggin on phospho-Smad1/5 expression with or without Wnt3a and Wnt4. (a–l) Recombinant adenoviruses were used to express Wnt3a , Wnt4 , or eGFP (control) uniformly in C2C12 cells. Cells were infected 48 hours earlier with an MOI of 400, and the recombinant proteins were added as shown in with final concentrations of 5 ng/mL BMP4 and/or 250 ng/mL noggin. Two hours after BMP4 addition, immunostaining for phospho-Smad1/5 was carried out for counting. (a–c) Control; (d–f) BMP4; (g–i) noggin; (j–l) BMP4 + noggin. (m) The ratio of the nuclear phospho-Smad1/5-positive cells to the total cell number was estimated in three independent experiments counted for 6 fields each (mean + SD, n = 18, * P < 0.05 with Student's t -test).

Article Snippet: The C2C12 cell line (myoblast-like cell line from the C3H mouse) was purchased from the RIKEN Cell Bank (RIKEN, Wako, Japan) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Nichirei Corp., Tokyo).

Techniques: Expressing, Recombinant, Infection, Immunostaining

Journal: International Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Interaction of Wnt Signaling with BMP/Smad Signaling during the Transition from Cell Proliferation to Myogenic Differentiation in Mouse Myoblast-Derived Cells

doi: 10.1155/2013/616294

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of BMP4 and noggin on β-catenin localization with or without Wnt3a and Wnt4. (a–i) Recombinant adenoviruses were used to express Wnt3a , Wnt4 , or eGFP (control) uniformly in C2C12 cells. Cells were infected 48 hours earlier with an MOI of 400, and the recombinant proteins were added as shown in with final concentrations of 5 ng/mL BMP4 and/or 250 ng/mL noggin. Two hours after BMP4 addition, immunostaining for β-catenin was carried out for counting. (j) Comparison of the β-catenin signals after adenovirus-mediated expression of Wnt3a and eGFP , after pixel intensity analysis for immunohistochemical signals with BZ-II Analyzer, shown in abscissa for signal intensity and ordinate for frequency. Wnt3a intensified signals to a higher level. (k and l) Comparison of the β-catenin signals after adenovirus-mediated expression of Wnt3a , Wnt4, and eGFP , in the presence or absence of BMP4 and/or noggin. Immunostaining for β-catenin was analyzed by digitizing the signals with BZ-II Analyzer for comparison. Typical results are shown. (k) Without BMP4; (l) with BMP4.

Article Snippet: The C2C12 cell line (myoblast-like cell line from the C3H mouse) was purchased from the RIKEN Cell Bank (RIKEN, Wako, Japan) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Nichirei Corp., Tokyo).

Techniques: Recombinant, Infection, Immunostaining, Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Skeletal Muscle

Article Title: MiR-1290 promotes myoblast differentiation and protects against myotube atrophy via Akt/p70/FoxO3 pathway regulation

doi: 10.1186/s13395-021-00262-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of miR-1290 mimic transfection on C2C12 cells. a and b The MHC staining of C2C12 myoblast with miR-1290 or miR-NC and quantification of MHC area (scale bar, 50 μm). c – f The western blot analysis and quantification of MHC, MyoD, and MyoG after transfection of miRNAs. GAPDH was used as an internal control for western blot analysis. The statistical difference among miR-1290 transfection group and control group were considered significant at the levels of * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, or *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: The mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were provided by Cyagen Biosciences, Inc., and cultured in DMEM containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum following the American Type Culture collection instructions.

Techniques: Transfection, Staining, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Skeletal Muscle

Article Title: MiR-1290 promotes myoblast differentiation and protects against myotube atrophy via Akt/p70/FoxO3 pathway regulation

doi: 10.1186/s13395-021-00262-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of miR-1290 mimic transfection on C2C12 cells under TNF-α. a and b Giemsa staining and myotube diameters among all groups. c – e The western blot analysis and quantification of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 after overexpression of miR-1290 in TNF-α-induced atrophy. GAPDH was used as an internal control for western blot analysis. The statistical difference among miR-1290 transfection group and other groups were considered significant at the levels of * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, or *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: The mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were provided by Cyagen Biosciences, Inc., and cultured in DMEM containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum following the American Type Culture collection instructions.

Techniques: Transfection, Staining, Western Blot, Over Expression, Control

Journal: Skeletal Muscle

Article Title: MiR-1290 promotes myoblast differentiation and protects against myotube atrophy via Akt/p70/FoxO3 pathway regulation

doi: 10.1186/s13395-021-00262-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: The intrinsic mechanism of miR-1290’s effect. a Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the miR-1290-binding seed sequence in the 3’UTR of FoxO3. b The luciferase result of miR-1290 and FOXO3. c and d The western blot analysis and quantification to determine FoxO3 levels in cytoplasm and nucleus in miR-1290-transfected C2C12 myoblast. e and f The knockdown efficiency of FoxO3-specific siRNA was confirmed by western blot. g and h MHC staining was performed after FoxO3 knockdown (scale bar, 50 μm). i and j . The expression of MyoD and MyoG were analyzed by western blot. GAPDH and Lamin B1 are cytoplasmic and nuclear protein loading controls, respectively. The statistical difference among miR-1290 transfection group and other groups were considered significant at the levels of * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, or *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: The mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were provided by Cyagen Biosciences, Inc., and cultured in DMEM containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum following the American Type Culture collection instructions.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Sequencing, Luciferase, Western Blot, Transfection, Knockdown, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Skeletal Muscle

Article Title: MiR-1290 promotes myoblast differentiation and protects against myotube atrophy via Akt/p70/FoxO3 pathway regulation

doi: 10.1186/s13395-021-00262-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: MiR-1290 activates AKT/P70/FoxO3 signaling pathways during myoblast differentiation. a MHC staining performed after treated miR-1290/miR-NC with or without GDC-0068 (scale bar, 50 μm). b MHC-positive areas/total areas were quantified using Harmony 4.1 software ( n = 6). c – f The western blot analysis and quantification of phosphorylated and all forms of AKT and P70, MyoG, and MyoD, after transfecting miR-1290/miR-NC with or without GDC0068. GDC-0068 inhibited miR-1290-activated phosphorylation of AKT and P70 in C2C12 myoblasts. Western blot to analyze FoxO3 expression levels in cytoplasm and nucleus of C2C12 myoblasts. GAPDH and Lamin B1 are cytoplasmic and nuclear protein loading controls, respectively. The statistical difference among miR-1290 transfection group and inhibitor group were considered significant at the levels of * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, or *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: The mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were provided by Cyagen Biosciences, Inc., and cultured in DMEM containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum following the American Type Culture collection instructions.

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Staining, Software, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Transfection

Journal: Skeletal Muscle

Article Title: MiR-1290 promotes myoblast differentiation and protects against myotube atrophy via Akt/p70/FoxO3 pathway regulation

doi: 10.1186/s13395-021-00262-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of Protein kinase B (AKT)/P70/FOXO3 signaling pathway in effect of miR-1290 on myotube atrophy. a Giemsa staining was performed to calculate myotube diameters for TNF-α + miR-NC or TNF-α + miR-NC + GDC0068, TNF-α + miR-1290 or TNF-α + miR-1290 + GDC0068 treatments. b Cell diameters of five groups were measured. c – f Western blot analysis and quantification of phosphorylated and all forms of AKT and P70 of C1C12 myotubes for TNF-α + miR-NC or TNF-α + miR-NC + GDC0068, TNF-α + miR-1290 or TNF-α + miR-1290 + GDC0068 treatments. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 in TNF-α + miR-NC or TNF-α + miR-NC + GDC0068, TNF-α + miR-1290 or TNF-α + miR-1290 + GDC0068 groups. After treatment with miR-1290/miR-NC or with GDC-0068, FoxO3 expression levels in cytoplasm and nucleus of C2C12 myotubes were examined by western blot. GAPDH and Lamin B1 are cytoplasmic and nuclear protein loading controls, respectively. The statistical difference among miR-1290 transfection group and inhibitor group were considered significant at the levels of * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, or *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: The mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were provided by Cyagen Biosciences, Inc., and cultured in DMEM containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum following the American Type Culture collection instructions.

Techniques: Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection